Solicitor and a barrister Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Solicitor and a barrister - Essay Example ion who specializes in giving professional legal advice, courtroom advocacy, and drafting legal pleadings (School of Law, Queen Mary University of London, 2011). Barristers require specialized skills in certain areas such as analysis and research so that they can be able to speak confidently and be quick to spot key issues. They are mostly found in arguing cases on behalf of clients in ether tribunals or in court. Solicitors on the other hand are more concerned with transactional type of the legal work. Solicitors are generally attorneys to their clients, which mean they have the authority to legally act on behalf of their clients. A solicitor can represent his or her client to the extent of carrying out litigation on their behalf such as making applications to the court or opponents. A barrister however, is forbidden by law to carry out such functions such as litigation, and can only represent clients in court only when instructed by qualified professional client or a solicitor (School of Law, Queen Mary University of London, 2011). An example situation that would require a solicitor is a legal case concerning the custody of a child between divorcee parents. A solicitor in this case is able to directly communicate with the client and the opponent. With such an advantage the solicitor has the power to negotiate on behalf of the client outside the courtroom into an agreement that will favor his client and avoid a hearing in court. For a barrister a good example would be a case where two companies are suing each other a good example is Apple Inc. Company suing Samsung Corporation. Apple Inc. Company will hire a solicitor to represent them in court; however, the solicitor will require the professional skills of a barrister to be able to argue out his case in the

Exemplary Leader Philosophy Paper Essay Example for Free

Exemplary Leader Philosophy Paper Essay I never aspired to be an ethical leader before this class. It is not that I acted unethically, but that I never understood the importance of being an ethical leader. As a child, I was constantly changing my mind about what I was going to be when I grew up, but never once did â€Å"ethical† cross my mind. It seems as though this is a common theme among human beings, that we see success through the masculine lens of materialism and consumerism. Being able to acquire the newest, biggest, most innovative thing is what motivates us from a very young age. This is not something to be necessarily ashamed about, because at one point or another, everyone acts out of self-interest and solely for self-advancement. The thing that has to change, however, is the amount of fully-grown adults who still act out of self interest, and more specifically, adults in leadership roles, managing corporations, institutions, cities, states, and countries, that pull their team in the right direction for themselves, and not necessarily for the organization. This class has taught me who I am, both as an individual and as a part of a cohesive team, who I can be, thanks to the concepts and thought-provoking readings and lectures, and how I can get there by utilizing these concepts and strategies. Throughout the course of this semester, I have been able to continue producing the same amount of success as I have in the past, but I have been able to do it the â€Å"right† way. By identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to those opportunities of my personality and character, I have been able to identify my true self. This identification process is the first step toward becoming an ethical and moral example for peers, subordinates, and even superiors, both in a professional sense and in a personal sense. â€Å"History shows that where ethics and economics come in conflict, victory is always with economics. Vested interests have never been known to have willingly divested themselves unless there was sufficient force to compel them.† – B. R. Ambedkar This quote, spoken by Indian scholar B. R. Ambedkar, shows the belief in the common phrase, â€Å"business ethics is an oxymoron.† It is this mentality that began the self-fulfilling prophecy that business leaders use as an excuse for unethical behavior. The â€Å"slippery slope† of ethical breakdowns, as Badaracco calls it, begins with a mentality that justifies the diversion of ethics and economics. Throughout the rest of this exploration of the current self, the prospective self, and the presentation of a development plan, I will disprove this mentality. Current Self In order to effectively assess one’s ethical and moral fortitude, one must objectively identify his strengths and weaknesses relative to being an exemplary ethical leader. Furthermore, one must then address each individual aspect of his personality, including character traits, values, and integrity through relative ethical concepts and principles. By executing this process, one can truly learn about oneself and identify the necessary steps to becoming the possible self, or leader he wants to become. The process of identifying your own strengths and weaknesses can be difficult, especially in terms of being completely unbiased and objective. The key to successfully doing this is in relying on factual evidence that supports each strength and weakness. To be considered either, however, there must be a certain consistency in terms of actions as well as intent, which proves the validity of each strength or weakness. During my self-exploration, I thought back to some of my first memories in order to serve as a foundation for my moral potency and character, and to see how my experiences have shaped my personality, both positively and negatively. This process has given me perspective and helped me attain the knowledge necessary to complete an objective report of my own personality, values, skills, characteristics, and motivations. Without this process, I would have been subject to a common decision making fallacy that was taught in my organizational behavior class, known as the tendency to use information at hand, which describes a person’s inclination to make a decision based on readily-available information, rather than fact-based evidence. In this case, the â€Å"readily-available information† would be anecdotes and experiences that â€Å"stick out† in my memory. These examples are not necessarily wrong to use, but basing my process on them wholly would provide data inconsistent with my true personality. Since I can remember, I have always been a fierce competitor. This is shown through my spirited drive to achieve that has permeated my entire life, from academics, to extracurricular activities, to athletics. This competitiveness has both positive and negative effects on my leadership abilities, because I am driven and motivated to achieve goals, but can prove dangerous in team situations where group consensus is necessary. The competitive nature that is ingrained in my personality can lead to a concept called â€Å"me-ism†, described by Badaracco in chapter 4, which explains the phenomenon of being so goal-oriented that you lose sight of the effects that your actions have on other people. This concept can also relate to Badaracco’s inattentional blindness and motivated blindness, which describe occurrences in which one’s personal goals or lack of careful observation override that person’s ability to sense an ethical dilemma. My competitive nature has led to many successes in my life, including winning the New York under-18 state hockey championship, becoming the first non-senior to be an alternate captain on the Wake Forest club ice hockey team, and of course being accepted into this business school. These examples are all evidence of my competitive nature, and describe my desire to lead and win simultaneously. The concept of the future is tremendously fascinating to me. In another BEM class that I took this semester, we did a personality assessment that included over one hundred twenty questions and returned your five biggest personality strengths, and â€Å"futurism† was one of mine. I truly enjoy thinking about the future because of its uncertainty. I feel so much potential and possibility for myself, which is strengthened by my competitiveness. My ability to constantly think about the future while still keeping my â€Å"feet on the ground† and completing my assignments in the present is one of my most powerful strengths. My futurism keeps me on track toward achieving my personal and organizational goals. Becoming a transformational leader begins with the futurist outlook combined with a strong moral potency, which is the combination of three moral factors: moral ownership, moral courage, and moral efficacy. Moral potency, when combined with futurism, provides a leader with a strong moral and ethical foundation on which to base decisions, as well as the ability to envision the potential of a given organization. By acting in this way, a leader can start a chain reaction called the contagion effect, which is the phenomenon that occurs by promoting a transparent, ethical, and fair environment, starting from the C-level executives and â€Å"infecting† every employee underneath. The aforementioned strengths of mine, a strong competitive nature and a futuristic outlook provide me with an ethically-ambiguous foundation, meaning that both highly ethical and highly unethical leaders sport these qualities, and the actions that I make within the next few years will decide on which end of the spectrum I fall. In order for me to ensure that I do not start down the slippery slope of unethical decisions, I must be conscious of the fact that each decision I make has ethical implications, and I also must be weary of my weaknesses that could lead me down the wrong path. Acknowledging one’s weaknesses is critical to the process of defining your current self. As the saying goes, â€Å"nobody’s perfect,† and the only way to minimize the mistakes you make throughout your life is to accept the fact that you do have weaknesses, and to analyze what they are, why you have them, how you act on them, and how to correct them. My competitive drive has led me to have a strong desire to please authority figures, which is a major weakness of my personality, not in the sense that it is bad to desire recognition and achievement, but it frequently leads to Machiavellian, â€Å"ends justify the means† justifications of morally questionable actions. One of Badaracco’s ethical breakdowns, which he discusses in chapter five, the overvaluation of outcomes, directly relates to this personality trait. Two years ago I interned for a brokerage firm on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange, and my boss was a task-oriented, results-driven leader, a common type in the financial sector. He demanded that the team of four interns provide a daily projection of trade volume based on an algorithm and spreadsheets dating back to the early 1990’s. After being reprimanded by our boss for presenting him with unfavorable figures, we began to slightly alter the bottom line to get his approval. In this situation, we made a major ethical mistake by overvaluing the results. With the knowledge I have gained from this class, I would have analyzed the decision to alter the numbers using the categorical imperative, and in this situation, especially in the financial sector, it would be a very bad thing if my actions became universal norms. Fortunately, the trade projections were strictly internal, and I found out later in the internship that my boss would assign this project to new interns as a way of â€Å"breaking them in† and showing them the harshness of the business world. This desire to please has affected my leadership skills mostly within the context of leading peers, because, when combined with my competitive nature, I realize that there are few things that I will not consider doing to get ahead, which will ostracize me from my peers and create a divide within the group, decreasing my ability to influence others around me. Another weakness of mine is my tendency to overuse legitimate power when it is given to me. Legitimate power, which is defined as power bestowed upon someone over others, can come as a promotion, as it did in my case, when I was voted captain of my varsity hockey team in high school. This promotion gave me nominal power over my teammates off of the rink, but it was enough to leverage and coerce them to follow my orders. Trevino and Nelson outline the psychology I used to justify this behavior in chapter five, in their discussion of informal organizational cultural systems. The norms usually override formal rules, according to Trevino and Nelson. â€Å"†¦Despite formal rules, regulations, codes, and credos, informal norms are frequently the most influential behavior guides and clues to the culture†. The rationalization that â€Å"it’s the way we do things around here† was understood by my teammates, because the captain before me was the same way. It is this lack of moral potency to realize the unethical behavior and act on my personal values that makes this a weakness of mine. In the heat of the moment, it is hard to stop yourself and think about ethical philosophy, but necessary to promote the organizational culture that is conducive and necessary to running a hockey team. This self-exploration has provided me with a sound basis to analyze myself and prepare to make the jump into the business world with a strong moral compass and the ability to create a working plan to become the exemplary leader that I wish to be. However, first I must decide and articulate exactly what kind of leader that is. Possible Self The second step in becoming an exemplary ethical leader is to identify your possible self, that is, the leader that you wish to become at some point in the future. This can be done in a multi-step process, first by identifying exemplary leaders that serve as role models or mentors to you, and then by analyzing their leadership qualities and determining which of those you wish to attain. It is undeniable that every ethical leader chooses to lead with character and integrity, two of the most important characteristics necessary to manage an organization, but just how do you define character? According to Professor Sean Hannah, character is defined by three aspects: moral discipline, moral attachment or attainment, and moral autonomy. The combination of these facets provides a solid basis for the quantification of leadership characteristics. Moral discipline outlines the ability to act in alignment with your personal values, while moral attachment or attainment refers to one’s ability to hold true to your values over time, and moral autonomy is the ability to formulate moral decisions based on your values and decision-making skills, without the influence of outside factors. Both character and integrity play instrumental roles in the development of ethical leaders, as well as in their ability to become role models for lower-level employees. My most recent role model for ethical leadership is Dean Reinemund, because he has been extremely successful as a leader in two vastly different industries, which shows that he has the skills necessary to lead, regardless of the situational context. During his guest lecture in our class, Dean Reinemund spoke about his â€Å"Four C’s of Leadership.† I believe that these four characteristics are immensely important to become a transformational leader with a vision that inspires employees to work at the highest level possible. The first â€Å"C† is character, which Mr. Reinemund describes as having your internal compass point to â€Å"true north†. Having the character to act in correlation with personal and organizational values in the face of adversity is an extremely admirable quality, and is something that I wish to have in my possible self. Mr. Reinemund’s third â€Å"C† is the one that resonated with me the most, particularly because it is the only aspect of his leadership philosophy that cannot be readily learned. Commitment, Reinemund says, is the passionate, internal drive to succeed, and it is something that is ingrained in your personality. Although you can motivate yourself through other, extrinsic means, the â€Å"warrior’s ambition† that Mr. Reinemund describes is a burning internal passion for the work that is being done. This is another facet of an exemplary leader that cannot be left out. Badaracco writes about Aristotle’s â€Å"Golden Mean† in terms of leadership by describing the balance between having a high concern for oneself and having a high concern for others. By attaining this equilibrium, leaders can act ethically and morally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people. This philosophy also relates to Badaracco’s four spheres of commitments that leaders have to navigate during each and every decision they make. Managing the four spheres is an integral part of being an exemplary leader and must be included in my definition of an exemplary leader. The last piece of leadership that I would like to emulate as an exemplary leader is the characteristics of a quiet leader. Modesty, self-restraint, patience, and careful, incremental moves can right, or even prevent, moral wrongdoings without blowing the issue out of proportion. The public displays of heroism, as coined by Badaracco, depicted in movies and television are usually extremely unnecessary and their emotionalism and lack of careful planning undercuts their credibility, while simultaneously decreasing the amount of empathy received from the listener. Being a quiet leader means doing the right thing, especially when nobody is looking, and that is why I admire such a quality and desire to be the quiet leader who allows his exemplary actions speak for him. Action Plan The third and final step to becoming an exemplary ethical leader is to formulate and execute an actionable leadership development plan, which outlines the steps necessary to transform the current self into the desired possible self. By identifying my strengths and weaknesses, and then identifying the ideal leader that I want to become, I can precisely calculate the discrepancy between the two, and what specific steps I need to take in order to become the exemplary leader I want to be. By using course concepts and relating them to my current self, I have come up with the following steps for my action plan: 1. Do not underestimate the weight of any one decision, no matter how seemingly insignificant it may be 2. Follow Badaracco’s steps to becoming a quiet leader 3. Apply Trevino Nelson’s 8 steps to recognized ethical dilemmas 4. Read and reflect on the characteristics of an Authentic Leader every day 5. Establish a strong support group to help assist my decision making and provide comprehensive unbiased feedback These five steps, if followed correctly, will create the optimal environment to foster my development as an exemplary leader. My action plan is conducive to the type of leader that I want to be, because it focuses on further improving my strengths, and transforming my weaknesses into strengths by utilizing concepts and strategies learned in class. The first step is the most important one, because due to my competitive nature, I have a tendency to rush decisions in order to complete tasks more efficiently, but in the long run, especially in the professional world, I must be able to recognize the ethicality of each decision I make. By analyzing every decision I make from now on, whether it is my choice of shampoo or a multi-million dollar contract, I will be able to acknowledge the ethical repercussions of each alternative. My second step is to follow Badaracco’s steps to becoming a quiet leader, particularly the second rule, which says to â€Å"pick your battles†, and outlines the concept of political capital. Leadership is not defined by how many times you â€Å"blow the whistle†, but how much of an impact you had when you did decide to take a stand. Consequentially, I must make ethical decisions like Machiavelli’s fox rather than the lion. By building political capital and using it wisely, the respect that colleagues, superiors, and employees show you will increase, and therefore your ability to influence them will also increase, which will allow you to lead with confidence. Trevino Nelson’s 8-Steps to ethical decision making are extremely important, because they provide a framework for which to analyze and come to a conclusion about any decision. The â€Å"action† piece of this step is simple: I have handwritten the steps on a small piece of paper and put it in my wallet, so that I can refer to it in any situation. By slowing down and analyzing each choice I make in terms of these 8 steps, I’ll be able to consistently make the best decision possible, which will instill confidence in my peers as well as show potential to my superiors. On the reverse side of my wallet-sized 8 steps, I have written the characteristics of an Authentic Leader, because I believe that simply being a quiet leader is not sufficient. Being a quiet leader is a great way to get things done, but in the long term may result with my leadership becoming â€Å"silent† leadership, wherein my peers and employees cannot easily see how I analyze ethical dilemmas and may start to infer that I rely on bottom-line statistics only. This is where the slippery slope begins, and my fourth step will counteract the possibility of being perceived as ethically neutral. My final step is to create a support group of people from different parts of my life, including peers such as friends and classmates, superiors (teachers and coaches), and subordinates such as the younger players on my hockey team. By establishing this group, I will be able to ask them to give me feedback on my projected personality. The first four steps of my action plan are important to my development as a leader, however they will be meaningless if what people perceive about me is different than what I want. Moreover, a support group will help me integrate my different lives, as Dean Reinemund spoke about in his lecture, by teaching me that in order to be perceived as an exemplary leader, I must have complete alignment between my espoused personal values and my in-use values in every aspect of my life. Solely having an action plan, however, will not give me the results I desire, which is why I must set both short and long term goals for myself in my journey to becoming an ethical leader. Short-term goals are imperative to maintaining my improvement in leadership skills, because without consistent feedback, it is impossible to gauge one’s progress. The support group I establish will provide me with that feedback. Specifically, I will create a point-based survey and ask each person in my support group to complete it. By doing this, I will have quantitative results at the end of each month to see which areas of my personality need improvement. By setting short-term goals, my competitive nature will enhance my desire to improve, until I reach my long-term goals. Perhaps the most challenging task of this assignment was to envision the evolution of my personality from a college student to a business leader, because I did not know exactly how to set long-term goals. After thinking it through, I believe that the most pertinent long-term goal that I can set is to reflect on my life as a leader, and have no decisions that I regret making. This seems vague, but it must be in order to work. By achieving short-term monthly goals, I will achieve my long-term goal as a result, which is the express purpose of short-term goals. If I can look back on my life as a leader when I retire, and I can honestly say that there is not a single decision that I made or failed to make that resulted in an unethical consequence, I will consider myself a success. Conclusion Throughout the course of this assignment, as well as the class as a whole, I have been exposed to completely new ways of analyzing situations and have been able to integrate those concepts and strategies into my daily life. By creating this action plan for the development of my character and leadership skills; I have begun the preparation necessary to successfully lead in the business world, which is an incredibly valuable head start on students in other business schools around the country. B. R. Ambedkar’s pessimistic quote regarding the ethics versus economics dynamic that I used earlier in the paper was a perfect way for me to gauge the effectiveness of my action plan. I believe that through the analysis of my current self, the reflection and projection of my possible self, and the creation of my leadership development plan, I have been able to disprove the mentality that â€Å"business ethics is an oxymoron† and begin to strengthen the mentality that â€Å"ethics is good business, and good business is ethical.† References 1. Sean Hannah, class lectures and PowerPoint presentations, 8/29/2012-12/4/2012 2. Hannah Avolio, Moral Potency: Building the Capacity for Character-Based Leadership 3. Trevino Nelson, Managing Business Ethics 4. Badaracco, Defining Moments 5. George, Sims, McLean, Mayer, Discovering Your Authentic Leadership 6. Badaracco, We Don’t Need Another Hero 7. Reinemund, class lecture 10/4/2012 View as multi-pages

Euthanasia (greek for good) :: Free Euthanasia Essay

The word "euthanasia" comes from the greek--eu, "good", and thanatos, "death". Literally, "good death". The dictionary describes euthanasia as "a quiet and easy death, the means of procuring this or, the action of inducing a quiet and easy death." Euthanasia has a becomes a legal, medical, and ethical issue over which opinions are divided. I feel that if there is no hope for a cure for a terminally ill patient then if they want, let them out of their misery. There are two different types of euthanasia. One is active euthanasia, which means that a physician or other medical personnel takes a deliberate action that will include death such as: administering an overdose of morphine, insulin, or barbiturates followed by an injection of curare. The second type is passive euthanasia, which is letting a patient die for lack of treatment that has begun. Some examples of passive euthanasia are taking patients off of a respirator or any other form of life-support and stopping the patients food supply (Compton's Encyc). Who decides if the patient should die? The United States leaves the decision up to the state which usually allows the physician to suggest the option of death to a patient's relatives. Non-terminally ill patients have been put to death without their consent at the request of relatives or the insistence of the physician (Compton's Encyc). In Washington two physicians had different opinions on the subject of assisted suicide. One physician had gotten a call from a patient who had been diagnosed with AIDS and was talking about suicide and said he was now ready to die. He had lost 60 pounds and was in so much pain the doctor placed him on morphine. The physician went to his patient's apartment and showed him how to turn the morphine drip up to a deadly level. Six hours later he received a phone call and the patient was dead. Another physician received the same request from an AIDS patient. Instead of helping the patient die the physician refused and put him on morphine, steroids, and physical therapy. Just before the patient died in the fall he said that he had a wonderful summer with his family (Courier). Opposers of euthanasia feel that a person should not have the right to end their life. They think that the patient may consider taking their life into their own hands and fail, and this may create a worse situation.

Implementing E Learning System In Indian Secondary Education Education Essay

1. Introductionâ€Å" It has been argued that computer-based communicating is the most cardinal alteration in communications engineering in the last 150 old ages â€Å" ( De la sola Pool, 1984 ) . The extension of the computing machine along with cyberspace has fashioned many alterations in all walk of life, particularly in instruction. This transmutation has changed the manner we larning and reshaping the traditional instruction system into a newer system called â€Å" e-learning † E- acquisition is defined as â€Å" direction delivered on a computing machine via cyberspace or Compact disc read-only memory † ( Clark & A ; Mayer, 2007 ) . Nowadays, e-learning is done by Internet in which preparation ( or ) learning methods comprises of power point presentations, pictures, chat devices and on-line web sites. E-learning is based on the rule that â€Å" Every human being must be able to larn through alternate agencies, to hold equal chances for preparation, independent of physical or clip restraints, to be able to take what and how to larn, and to be the focal point of the acquisition procedure † ( Bilalis et al, 2002 ) . The research aims to concentrate the impact on implementing e-learning system for pupils analyzing at a secondary and higher secondary degrees in Indian schools. The kids from classs 6 to 12, aged between 14 and 18 are considered for research. The research is proposed to be done by roll uping informations through journals maintained by instructors and questionnaires from assorted classs such as instructors, pupils and parents. It represents a assorted attack including both Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. The acquisition procedure through e-learning may alter the school pupils approach towards their surveies. By e-learning today ‘s kids may be allowed to develop self construct ; do learning independent, sustainable, of all time turning and develop basic determination for doing accomplishments. Students require higher degree of instruction to success in the new, cognition based society. This research chiefly scrutinizes the benefits, contemplations, issues and attacks to e-learning in India secondary instruction system. It besides highlights e-learning ‘s pertinence and acknowledging in developing state like India.1.1 Aim of the researchThis research aims to research the benefits of implementing e-learning in Indian secondary instruction.1.2 Rationale for the researchTo promote the pupil -driven lessons, where the pupils take the most duty for their acquisition. To demo the importance of heightening the present acquisition system with e-learning tools ( eg -personal computing machine, CD-ROMs, audio ocular AIDSs and Internet )1.2 Aims of the researchA comparing would be carried out between the traditional educational system and e-learning system two methods. E-learning will be implemented in anyone the Indian school for little period, and the public presentation of the pupils is recorded in the signifier of diary A questionnaire will be framed to acquire the feedback from the school students The result of the research will make the consciousness among the Indian instruction system in execution of e-learning.1.3 Research QuestionThe research as proposed in the purposes and aims above will try to reply the undermentioned research inquiries Could e-learning be a alteration agent in the Indian instruction system? What are the benefits and jobs in implementing e-learning in Indian instruction system?2. Literature Reappraisal2.1 Introductionâ€Å" To run into the demands of Indian planetary economic system, there must be matching acceptances of e-learning in child instruction to develop twenty-first century accomplishments. Computers are reshaping kids ‘s lives, at place and at school in profound and unexpected ways † ( S.K. Nayak et Al, 2010 ) .For transforming the India into developing state, it has to increase the literacy from 66 % to the ideal.But, it is hard to accomplish the instruction for all end, burdened by high figure of nonreaders and deep spread lies between urban and rural countries. Even though the authorities introduces new strategies like National Literacy Mission, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan and cooked mid twenty-four hours meal programme, the betterment has been slow.Finally, the instruction system should be changed. The replacement for the traditional instruction syst em should be implemented. This research aims to research that ; e-learning is the altering agent for this scenario. There are many surveies that stress the advantages of the e-learning over the traditional instruction system. The similar research is done on the subject Traditional Education vs. E-learning in the vision of Rumanian pupils reveals the undermentioned consequences that, â€Å" the e-learning platform increases the flexibleness of pupils study plan. The lasting entree to classs, possibility to hold speedy feed-back from instructors and decreased clip for survey determine the positive influence of the platform on the pupils † ( Tutunea.M et al, 2009 ) . In add-on to these, the undermentioned lines emphasis more on e-learning â€Å" The old regulations no longer use. Traditional attacks to developing the corporate work force are time-consuming and agonizingly slow. Old-style, trickle-down preparation with its one-style-fits-all attack merely can non maintain gait. That is what makes e-learning so exciting to so many people † ( Cross.J et al, 2002 )2.2 DefinitionThere are excessively many definitions of e-learning. The definition provided by the sellers is dubious and the academic definition provided by governmental and professional organic structures are more dependable, but still varied. The American Society for Training and Development ( ASTD ) is the universe ‘s biggest professional organic structure for larning and development. This makes it arguably better placed than most to specify what e-learning is. The ASTD originally defined e-learning like this: â€Å" E-learning covers a broad set of applications and procedures, such as Web-based acquisition, practical schoolrooms, computer-based acquisition and digital coaction. It includes the bringing of content via Internet, intranet/ extranet ( LAN/WAN ) , audio- and videotape, satellite broad-cast, synergistic Television, and CD-ROM † ( Fee.K, 2009 ) .Degree centigrades: UsersVIMALKUMARDesktopDesktop filesResearch filese-learning1.jpgFig1. ( Spinello, S. Online )2.3 Why does e-learning affair in secondary instruction?E-learning offer new gaps for the school students. It will back up them from the early childhood instruction in many facets such as A opportunity to back up and develop the kids ‘s acquisition and dramas experiences A possibility to heighten the rational degree of the kids, by do them understand the basic constructs clearly Opportunities to beef up the teacher professional acquisition and conceptual degree Opportunities to back up and beef up relationships and communicating between school students, instructors and parents.2.4 comparings between Traditional and E-learning attacksThe difference in the tabular array clearly explains the significance of the e-learning over the traditional educational system.MenuTraditional ApproachE-learningClass room-Physical – limited size -Synchronous -Unlimited -Any clip, any whereContent-PowerPoint/transparency/etc – Textbooks/library – Video -Collaboration -Multimedia / simulation -Digital Library -On demand -Syn & A ; Asyn CommunicationPersonalization-One larning way -Learning way and gait determined by user2.5 E-learning environment followed by primary Schoolâ€Å" Our student can now see about anyplace in the existence at any minute in history, and where the lone bound to what they can larn is their ain imaginativeness. Our kids are perfectly enthralled † ( Archer.M, 2007 ) this is the statement given by the caput instructor, Mr. Hicks of Broadclyst Primary School, UK. The Broadclyst Primary School ( 1810 ) in Devon have implemented e-learning by adding new ITech suite in their schoolroom. Every student have uninterrupted entree networked Personal computer with broadband cyberspace connexion. This individual schoolroom aims to revolutionise the manner instruction and larning takes topographic point in the twenty-first century. These sorts of e-learning system will make a wonder towards their surveies among the school student. The pupil exposes their sentiment that the schoolroom are like heaven. If, we implement the same sort of system in India, the pupils will acquire more hypnotized towards the school. It may diminish the bead out of the school student from the school.Benefits of e-learningThe e-learning creates more duties to the pupils. The pupils have to put their ain ends and larn the topics by themselves It allows entree to educational resources from outside the book through cyberspace. It allows pupils to come in contact and to work in coaction with pupils from other states and civilizations The larning stuffs such as class notes, diagrams and reading list are available to pupils at any clip. E-learning tools facilitate both instructors and pupils with advanced, originative and sharing thoughts. E-learning delivers larning faster. Use the scholar ‘s enthusiasm for digital engineerings. Salvage on cost E-learning -Learning anytime, anyplace E-learning allows the pupils to understand the construct in greater item and increase deepness of acquisition.2.6 Challenges and chances in implementing e-learningIntensive preparation to school instructors – Before implementing the e-learning, preparation should be given to the instructors in order to make a learning environment. Awareness and Workshops- while implementing the e-learning in rural country, the pupils and parents of that vicinity should be give consciousness about the e-learning. So the presentation, seminars & A ; workshops demands to be conducted for society in order to understand the importance of it. Bandwidth limitations-The cyberspace connexion should hold high bandwidth, or else it will take to slower public presentation for sound, picture and intensive artworks. It besides takes long clip for download. Consequence on teachers-Web based acquisition will take to decrease in work force every bit per as instructors are concerned. This will take to oppose by instructor ‘s organisation. Access-Every school will non hold equal chance to information because of entree issues. The schools with fewer budgets will ever confront this job. This is the major job every bit per as India is concerned, as there is large spread between hapless & A ; rich communities in India.Research Methodologyâ€Å" All research is a practical activity necessitating the exercising of opinion in context ; it is non a affair of merely following methodological regulations † ( Hammersley, M. et al 1994 ) .The research paradigm identified as most appropriate for this survey was an qualitative ( or ) ethnographical attack, the informations to be collected during the research procedure has to be carefully considered. Harmonizing to my analysis, it is clear that a individual methodological analysis can non be used in this peculiar country as information ‘s cogency and dependability may be rather low. Therefore, the triangulation attack, uniting both qualitative attack and quantitative attack is used to continue with the research. Qualitative research, as utilized in this survey, is utile for the â€Å" generalization of constructs and dealingss that have been found in the sense of an analysis of the spheres for which they may be applicable † ( Flick, 2002 ) The quantitative attack used in the research is the experimental survey. In this the e-learning is implemented in an Indian school and the feedbacks of public presentation are collected. In this instance the execution of E-learning in the school is the experimental survey. The ethnographical method of qualitative attack is used in this proposed research.3.2 The SampleEntree to pupils in this age group was discussed from one school, ensuing in a sample of 58 pupils. Three categories were employed to accomplish the planned figure for the sample ; Year 7 ( age 12 ) , Year 8 ( aged 13 ) and Year 9 ( aged 14 ) .3.3Methodology construction for the research:Analysis of the collected informations Literature analysis Result from the Data Analysis and Validation Diary Data Collection Questionnaire The program and the construction for the research will continue as per the diagram depicted below.3.4 Diaries:3.4.1 DefinitionA journal is a manner of roll uping information about the manner persons ( or ) groups spends their clip on professional activities. Diaries can enter either quantitative or qualitative informations, and in the research they can supply information about work forms and day-to-day activities3.4.2 Keeping DiariesDiary is used to enter the inside informations of day-to-day activities go oning in the category room. For this research 3 journals are maintained for three categories. In this research, after implementing the vitamin E acquisition in the Indian school, the journal is maintained to enter the public presentation of the students in school every twenty-four hours.3.4.3 Sample of information collected through dairyStudent involvement in the category Pupil Understandability of the major constructs Marks obtained in the trial The pupil attending Creativity of the school student ( any betterments )3.4 Questionnaire3.4.1 DefinitionQuestionnaires are a popular agencies of roll uping informations, but are hard to plan and frequently require many revisions before an acceptable questionnaire is produced3.4.2 QuestionnaireThe questionnaire given to pupils foremost will inquire the basic categorization inquiries, which concerned their gender, age and twelvemonth group. The inquiries that followed were decently designed to acquire the feedback of the pupils. Questions in each subdivision used a evaluation graduated table, inquiring for boxes to be ticked to rate statements on feedback ( strongly differ, differ, impersonal, Agree, strongly agree )3.4.3 Sample QuestionnaireAbout yourselfHow old are you? — — — — — — — —What twelvemonth group are you in? — — — — — — — —Are you a male child or miss? — — — — — — — —Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree1. E-learning is better than oldinstruction system2. I can understand the constructs really good, while comparing with the old system.3. Interest on the topic is increased, while comparing the old one.4.1 Data CollectionQuestionnaires:The questionnaires were distributed, completed and retrieved in the same posing by the schoo lroom instructor, therefore avoiding any loss or possibility of non-returns. In all, three categories were successfully involved in the survey. On norm, participants took about 20 proceedingss to finish the questionnaire.Diary:The journal is given to the category instructor, and he/she is asked to observe the day-to-day public presentation of the school student. This observation is made for around three Calendar months. Finally all the information is analysed and examined. In this information aggregation qualitative attack is adopted to roll up the primary informations. Diary and questionnaires will be the method to roll up the primary informations. The quantitative attack is adopted to roll up the secondary informations. Literature reappraisal will be used to acquire the information to back up the information collected through diary and questionnaires. Existing literature will organize the base for the research because it will supply the well defined theories and constructs to understand the research. Data will be collected from the bing literature and the experimental survey. The information collected will be under the scrutiny. The information gathered will be stored. The procedure will reiterate until a definite and satisfactory result of the research is obtained.4.2 Data AnalysisThe informations obtained from diary and questionnaires can be called as the â€Å" representational † and it is considered as the first information. The information obtained through the literatures can be called as the â€Å" presentational † and it is considered as the secondary informations. The representational and presentational informations complement each other ( Freeman, 2000, pg.295 ) . The combination of the two will give the deep cognition in the information analysis. The information obtained through the qualitative method will be tremendous ( Creswell, 1997 ) .5.1 Reliability and ValidityQuestionnaire will be dependable and valid merely through the value of the informations ob tained and satisfaction of participants. Dairy will be considered dependable and valid if the feedback got from diary gives the requested information. â€Å" Presentational attack † validates the information and the â€Å" Representational attack † helps the research worker to swear the information collected through the â€Å" presentational attack † ( Freeman, 2000 ) . Harmonizing to Guba ( 1985, cited by Creswell, 1997 ) , the success of the research is reliable on the information collected and it should be believable, movable, reliable and verifiable.6.1 PlanUndertaking Plan is the clip model for the research methodological analysis. The research worker would be successful in the proceeding of the research if the clip frame is followed decently. The undertaking program for this research has four subdivisions. They are planing dairy & A ; Questionnaires, Data aggregation, Data Validation, Research result and decision Designing Dairy & A ; Questionnaires: June 2010 Data aggregation: July 2010- Sep 2010 Data proof: October 2010 Research result: November 2010

Does the Media Control the Public?

Media, it is the main means of communication, as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines that reach or influence people widely. Anyone who controls any form of media has vast amounts of power over the public. A simple news story can change society’s opinion over a certain topic. However, without the media, we would not get an insight into controversies that are happening half way around the world. If it weren’t for the media, dictators would not be brought to their knees, and answer to the crimes that they have committed. Whether we know it on a conscious level or not, we are being influenced by the media, whether you think you are not being affected, you are at some level. It is not only about the way we look, but also the food we eat, the things we buy and our concept of happiness, love, and sadness. Everywhere one goes they see magazines, billboards, television shows, commercials etc. , and these are the things that we want in life. This is similar to the social cognitive learning theory, essentially monkey see monkey do. Trends and fashion statements are shown in the media and then society often follows them up. Children are vulnerable and susceptible to this influence from the media, especially with the amount of exposure to the level of communication, and technology that is available to them in this day and age. Companies spend millions of pounds each year on TV advertisements, so that they can sell and in return gain millions of pounds profit. This is a form of communication used to encourage or persuade an audience to perform a certain action. Advertising messages are usually viewed via various traditional media; including mass media such as newspaper, magazines, television commercial, radio advertisement, outdoor advertising or direct mail. We are accustomed to see people with rich people with skinny bodies and faces due to airbrushing and surgery, and that is what we strive for. Skinny is often seen as a luxury, a sign someone can afford the gym, and healthy foods, when many years ago being heavy was a sign of luxury, that one could afford to eat. The reason why think this way, is because of media advertising, whereas before, being ‘big’ would demonstrate your wealth as you could buy a lot of food, now being skinny is what considers you to be rich. However, it is not only the companies that use this technique to make eople buy their products, governments also use this technique to make the public commit to their ideas. During World War 2, Nazi’s used the media to justify their course, and so did a multitude of other countries. Media manipulation has been going on for many years, and especially with today’s media it is very easy to spread propaganda and even easier to make people believe it. F or example, every year, a state-owned publishing house releases several cartoons called geurim-chaek in North Korea. The plots mostly feature scheming capitalists from the United States and Japan who create dilemmas for naive North Korean characters. Governments find this very easy to make the public do what they want, without them actually knowing it consciously. As opposed to providing certain information to showcase, propaganda, in its most basic sense, presents information primarily to influence an audience. Propaganda is often dispersed over a wide variety of media in order to create a chosen influence upon the public, making sure it will be imprinted into the minds of the public. Governments would usually take the current situation, and try and manipulate them in a way that would make the opposition seem at wrong. They would also sometimes hide information from the public from the country or the world. The media can be easily changed and manipulated to suit a government’s need, just like how it can be changed to only represent one side of the argument, persuading the reader to believe what a certain media company wants them to believe in. Media bias is the perceived biasness of a certain piece of news that has been produced by journalists and news producers that are intending to persuade a certain category of people. There are three types of newspapers; right winged newspapers and left winged newspapers. Right winged news paper companies will usually be against any immigration topics and are usually very patriotic, whereas left winged newspaper companies are quite liberal and diplomatic. However there may be multiple motives for this act, and they quite discreet about which side they are on, as a common lay man would think that the newspaper is telling the truth. Many political parties have influence over a certain newspaper company that will spread their news and propaganda, trying to influence the reader to vote or to support that particular party. For example ‘The Guardian’ is a left winged newspaper that is the ‘voice’ of the Labour party at the present moment, and ‘The Sun’ is more of a right winged party, and they mainly support the conservative party. It is common practice for newspapers to declare an explicit affiliation with a political party, and affiliated newspapers were explicit in representing their party’s point of view, for example, on the 19th of April 1989, the Sun disgraced the Liverpool fans who had died in the Hillsborough disaster, by stating that many Liverpool fans had pick-pocketed the dead and had urinated upon the dead police officers at the scene. The Sun was supposed to have recited the very words that a Conservative MP had said in a speech. This sparked many arguments across the globe, and this can show how much damage any media company can do. Smaller newspaper companies also do the same, as they would most likely support the county that they are in, rather than supporting some other county. For example if you were to compare a football review between the two teams’ local newspapers, both of them would tell a different story, as they are biased towards the side that they support. However, without the media we would not be informed about what is happening across the globe, and we would almost be ignorant to the events that are happening outside of our local area. By having media, we would be able to gather the voices of a nation, and voice our concerns about a topic. Without the media we would not be able to have any liberty to do anything we want and we would be able to fight back against multinational companies, monarchies, and governments. For example, in Libya, Muammar Gaddafi was using his own private military and army to rule over the country with fear, to dictating the country. It helps us learn more about the world as well as interacting with each other. Without the force of the country upon him voiced by the media, he was being pressured to step down; he could have still been in power today if it weren’t for the media. We are in an age whereby we have such amazing technology that allows us to access pretty much any point of the globe without stepping out of our house. The media helps us understand both sides of the argument, and not all of the news companies are biased. If it weren’t for the media, we would have been a single-minded society, only thinking a certain way. We would be able to be equal, with certain groups thinking that one group is better than another, and eventually it will end up in a fight, and then leading onto wars, for example in World War 2 (1939-1945), Adolf Hitler had discriminated the view that all Jews were ‘parasites’ and that they were stealing all of the jobs available, and that they are the reason for the bad economy. The media give us a common ground where we can all talk about, reflect and form opinions about the world at large; environmentally, politically, socially, and culturally. Without using media, politicians would not be able to convey their message across. The media also helps suffering countries in a time of despair, and warns us about casualties that have happened in an accident or disaster. The media will inform us and it could make a difference to the people in need, as it will provoke us to raise money via charities hence helping the people in need. If it weren’t for the media, it would be difficult for the charities to communicate their messages. However, in the end it’s all about our choices and what concepts we choose to subscribe to and adopt as ours. But I personally believe that media does have a big involvement in the everyday lives of the public, and we are very much influenced by that. Governments today still use the media to convey their messages. I am not stating that we don’t need the media; we need to have media in our lives, as it will give us a chance to interact and have knowledge about what is going on around the world. So in conclusion, I believe that although we will need the media in the future, we should not believe all of it, and we should act upon our own opinion-not something that someone else is telling us.

Designing a shopping centre food court outlet

Designing a shopping centre food court outlet Food court is a common area within a building, facility or a premise situated adjacent to counters consisting of a number of vendors located at food stalls from where customers orders their food (Milshtein, 1999, p.12). The meals are ordered from any of the vendors after which the ordered samples are taken to a common dining area for the respective customers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Designing a shopping centre food court outlet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The food court outlet serves as a very important icon as it offers different samples of fast food to the customers located in a locality. The availability of diverse samples allows the customers to sample their different favorite food stuffs and eat them in the same area. Some food court outlets have a variety of food stuffs they offer to customers while others offers a limited range of food stuffs. In addition, there is other food court which offers s ame commodity throughout to the customers. They only offer a specific product to their customers (Beach, 2000, p.22-23). This is the case with the food court outlet in question. The court is scheduled to specialize with dishes made from potatoes only. The design therefore will capitalize on fried potatoes a variety widely preferred than the baked or boiled potatoes. The design itself The food court outlet will specialize with the sale of fried potatoes, a fast food which is immensely purchased by the customers from the area. This is notable from the idea that, kiosk sellers are currently experiencing an explosion sale of similar commodities the court is planning to start. The design should be charismatically planned to cater for all the customers’ needs (Johnson, 1997.p32). The size The size of the food court outlet should be 50 square meters. This is a very economical space as it will accommodate all the customers from the locality. In addition, the space will not only accom modate the customers but also the equipments and the employees of the food court as well as catering for future expansion. Indeed, according to the buying power of the customers and the quest for other products, the court will expand in future. Planning the physical space Function For a food court outlet to be successful and work without confines and distractions, the physical space should be an issue of consideration. This concerns the functionality of the food court outlet. According to the Food and Beverages Management the customers are described to see many things within an hour than the management can see within a period of one year (Food Beverage Management, 2010, para. 2). Therefore, the management should plan the physical space in a manner that is appealing to the customers. The food court outlet should be created with a focused mind particularly focusing on the creation of value. According to Food and Beverage Management, value creation process is necessary as it determine s the success of the court.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Selection of a good location is a vital aspect when setting up a food court outlet. The location determines who will be the potential customers of the court. To take advantage, the food court outlet should be located in buildings in which huge businesses are located like it is the case with the food court outlet being designed. Form Also in planning the physical space, making the outlet to look good should be encouraged. The physical form should be designed in a way that will attract a huge crowd of customers. This makes the customers to admire the place thus desiring to buy from there. Food court outlets should not be fully covered as the covered outlets are not attractive to the customers. Interestingly, the food court outlet being designed is for the sale of potato products in which customers regard ta king their stuffs from an open location in order to have a good and wide view of the vicinity (Viet, 2002, p. 3). Many leading world food court outlets operate in an open location allowing the customers a wide view of the environment. This makes the customers flock in them due to the comfort they experience from there. The menu Menu is a vital aspect in every food court outlet as it displays all the type of stuffs offered and their respective prices (Olive Gardens, 2010, p.1). The food court outlet will be offering products made from potatoes. Commonly, fried potatoes will be the principal food stuff offered by this food court outlet. The stuff properly suits the customers in this vicinity and therefore the menu must be properly programmed for. The menu should address specifications of all classes of the customers in the vicinity. According to this locality, the customers are categorically ranging from children to adults, high class and the middle class earners among others. Consequ ently, the menu should be drafted to cater for all these and should look as follows;- Specials†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Lunch†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Designing a shopping centre food court outlet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dinner†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Beverages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Wines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Kids†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Dessert†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Nutrition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Despite catering for the diverse classes of customers and their respective specifications, the menu should focus on the take away and take in customers . Ultimately, all the customers will be accommodated in the menu of the food court outlet.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The plan Below are examples of plans of food courts designed to serve diverse customers. The food court outlet should be spacious enough to prevent any congestion that may arise in the future. Also, the plan should allow logical arrangements to avoid mixing the serving area with the cooking area which can cause inconveniencies. Figure of sketch plan of food court The kitchen Kitchen is something which is a must in every food court. The kitchen should be located in a location where it will not disrupt the comfort of the customers while taking their foods. In addition, basing on the diverse customers of this food court outlet, it is very important to have different equipments for different customer requirements (Heinemann, 1998, p.392). The menu is covering items such as the special fried potatoes consumed by high class customers, for dinner, lunch among others which requires different equipments for preparation and cooking. The kitchen should be fully equipped with these items to e nsure convenient. Storage area The food court will be dealing with many and huge items on daily basis and to avoid shortages, there will be a responsible person in charge of checking the level of stock left. It is embarrassing for this kind of a court outlet getting short of a commodity that is in high demand. In addition, some items are perishable thereby posing danger to the firm if not properly stored (Urban Land Institute, 1999, p.179). To avoid instances of damage, a refrigerator will be purchased and located at a remote location to serve all the needs of the perishable items. The serving area This place should be clean and well planned for. A wide table should be erected at a strategic position particularly at the centre or at a corner to support a maximum number of customers to their best satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is the drive for many successful food court outlets. Therefore, when the customers are served with their respective orders, there should be a place from w here to take their foods from. This should be equipped with comfortable chairs and tables sufficient to support the number of customers in the court. Competition Having considered all the above, it is important to gauge the competition from the competitors. Competition is a threat to new businesses which are trying to put their heads in the market (Heinemann, 2005, p.3). At this stage, the prices of the respective items to be sold are priced correspondingly in the menu. Price is a best weapon in any competitive environment. To run away from the competition and attract a huge number of customers, the price will be set slightly below the market price. This strategy will compel many customers to leave their old sellers to join this new court. In addition, the range of items in the menu plays a very important role when it comes to attracting customers. The contents in the menu should harmoniously fit the daily demand as well as the diverse customers in the market. The food court outlet could in the near future add more items in the menu as the only way of outdoing the competitors. This will also lock the kiosk sellers from the business forcing them to surrender the competition. Evaluation This should be done before the food court outlet starts its operations to ensure all areas are vividly addressed. The evaluation should be highly recommended at the critical areas as these are the areas that create the foundation for a successful enterprise. Also, evaluation of concepts is very important. From this evaluation, it is possible to tell whether the concept will work well as well as fit harmoniously with the tenants. In addition, the appearance of the food court outlet is also essential for evaluation. Once the business is fully established, it will be imperative to evaluate whether the menu is delivering. Evaluating at this stage is vital because, the weaknesses are established before it is too late and addressed accordingly. Reference List Beach, G. 2000. High schoo l food courts: a new evolution in students dining. School planning and management. Vol. 39, issue 8, pp.22-23. Food Beverage Management. 2010. Critical success failure factors in food court design and food court management. Web. Available at:  https://scribd.com/presentation/6611922/Critical-Success-26-Failure-Factors-in-Food-Court-Design-26-Management . Heinemann, B. 1998. Food and beverage management. Manchester: Bernard Davis. Heinemann, B. 2005. Strategic operations management. California: Steve Brown. Johnson, F. 1997. Selected and current works; master architect series III. New York, America: Images Publishing. Milshtein, A. 1999. Bye bye cafeteria-hello restaurant-style dining. Stamford University: Amy College Planning and Management. Olive Gardens. 2010. When you’re here, you’re family.Web. Web. Urban Land Institute. 1999. Shopping center development handbook. Urban Land Institute: Michael D. Beyard. Viet, N. 2002. The integration of the suburban shopping c entre with its surroundings. Redmond: University of Washington.

Free Essays on Giotto

When one takes a look at art and how it has developed it’s hard to not recognize the important movements in art. Just a few examples of these movements start with the Byzantine movement, the Renaissance, Cubism, and Dadaism. If you look at art and think of it as a person you can look at each movement as a stage in that person’s life. The renaissance could in turn be thought of as adolescence. There are so many important things that occurred during this time that it’s hard to sum it up in one sentence. However, I would say that Renaissance means "rebirth"(c.1400-1550) it began in Italy, and stressed the forms of classical antiquity, a realistic symbol of space based on perspective, and worldly subjects. The works of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael illustrate the balance and harmony of the High Renaissance (c. 1495-1520). Although many great artists came up out of the Renaissance there were those that were pre-renaissance such as Giotto (c.1267-1337) who ins pired and sparked the start of the renaissance. The aftermath of the renaissance brought in a whole new meaning and a way to look at art. One of the most influential periods directly following the renaissance was the mannerist movement that introduced great artists such as Parmigianino. The name Giotto and his works represent a time when the thought of â€Å"paint what you see† was not only hard to comprehend but completely new. Art no longer worked on the traditional abstract ideas, its models were to be the actuality of nature. Representation of real life was to become the object of all painting. From this time forth there must always be a likeness between the painting and the object painted. For so long painting to represent as means of symbolism was all that art was. The name Giotto is representational of a time when all of Europe was craving a change. Giotto came along and blew the minds of all involved in the art world he was said by Boccaccio to have â€Å"Brought th... Free Essays on Giotto Free Essays on Giotto When one takes a look at art and how it has developed it’s hard to not recognize the important movements in art. Just a few examples of these movements start with the Byzantine movement, the Renaissance, Cubism, and Dadaism. If you look at art and think of it as a person you can look at each movement as a stage in that person’s life. The renaissance could in turn be thought of as adolescence. There are so many important things that occurred during this time that it’s hard to sum it up in one sentence. However, I would say that Renaissance means "rebirth"(c.1400-1550) it began in Italy, and stressed the forms of classical antiquity, a realistic symbol of space based on perspective, and worldly subjects. The works of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael illustrate the balance and harmony of the High Renaissance (c. 1495-1520). Although many great artists came up out of the Renaissance there were those that were pre-renaissance such as Giotto (c.1267-1337) who ins pired and sparked the start of the renaissance. The aftermath of the renaissance brought in a whole new meaning and a way to look at art. One of the most influential periods directly following the renaissance was the mannerist movement that introduced great artists such as Parmigianino. The name Giotto and his works represent a time when the thought of â€Å"paint what you see† was not only hard to comprehend but completely new. Art no longer worked on the traditional abstract ideas, its models were to be the actuality of nature. Representation of real life was to become the object of all painting. From this time forth there must always be a likeness between the painting and the object painted. For so long painting to represent as means of symbolism was all that art was. The name Giotto is representational of a time when all of Europe was craving a change. Giotto came along and blew the minds of all involved in the art world he was said by Boccaccio to have â€Å"Brought th...

Incredibly Bad Resumes That Will Make You Shudder-092016

Incredibly Bad Resumes That Will Make You Shudder-092016 If you’re a frequent reader here at TheJobNetwork (and you totally are, right?), you know that we give you lots of information about what to do: how to structure your resume, free resume templates, what to say in an interview, how to break into your field of choice. All excellent info! But right now let’s flip the script a little: what do some of the fails look like? Specifically, what should your resume not look like? Let’s take a look at three poor souls whose bad resumes are destined for the â€Å"ugh, moving on† pile. Rocky is just out of school, and just applied for a senior management position. We’ll call him The Mess.Rocky B. 45 Maple Sreet Philadelphia, PA 43434 Rocky@emaildomain.comObjective: To get a high-paying job. What I lack in experience, I bring in confidence.Experience:PetSmart (sales associate), September 2015 – presentBadger Sons, summer internMcDonald’s (server), July 2014 – September 2014Carmichael College, September 2012 – June 2016Skills:OrganizationMoneyCommunicationComputersSocial media (RockyLovesLadeez on Twitter, Rocky B on MeFace)KarateWorking on deadlineEducation:Carmichael College Communications, 2016Hobbies:KarateBoxingKnittingOh, Rocky†¦where to start? There are lots of areas for improvement here.The LookLet’s talk about how this resume looks to a random reader. The font is very difficult to read, for starters. You want your resume to look clean and straightforward, not like a flyer you’d see taped up at the supermarket, advertising guitar lessons. The centering also adds to this flier-esque feel. For the most part, left-justify.The HeaderRocky also flubs his very first introduction to the reader: the header. Not only does he not include his last name, he leaves obvious typos in the address. Always, always, always proofread your resume. And when you think you’ve proofread it enough? Get someone else to read it too, just to be safe.The Objec tiveRocky doesn’t do much better with his objective statement, which is already in danger of being unnecessary. Rocky is seeking a high-paying job- who isn’t?! The objective or summary statement that you use in your resume should be put to work showing what you can offer the company. This objective tells the reader nothing about who Rocky is, what he does, or what qualifications he holds. Plus, it shows that he knows he’s unqualified for the job. A reader would see that and disregard him right away.The Level of EffortOverall, you can tell he didn’t put much time into this. There’s nothing but bare-bones information here. Under â€Å"Experience,† there’s nothing that tells you what he did at any of those places, no context for how that experience applies to the job he wants. Rocky’s skills don’t fare much better. They’re a confusing jumble of professional skills (again, not fleshed out with any useful information), and personal ones (which is extra unnecessary because he later lists his hobbies. Listing hobbies at the end of your resume isn’t necessarily a bad thing- it can help differentiate you in a pile of resumes. But you should be careful to list only PG ones that you wouldn’t mind your grandma reading about. (Rocky actually succeeds on this one!).The SkillsRocky commits an additional faux pas while listing his social media skills: it’s not a great idea to list your personal social media profiles unless you know they’re clean and professional-looking. (â€Å"RockyLovesLadeez† doesn’t inspire much confidence that this is the case.) From start to finish, this resume is one big red flag.  Let’s look at Hilary, a.k.a. The Jokester.Hilary Peterson 88 McPherson Ave Brooklyn, NY 55555 (999) 000-1111 Comedienne69@emaildomain.comSUMMARYHard worker known for keeping it real (haha) seeking a full-time position as a writer.SKILLSSense of humorOrgani zedOutgoing personalityDealing with hecklers (the worst, amiright?)Writing on deadlineEXPERIENCESully’s Irish Bar Waitress, 2006 – 2007Waited tablesProvided excellent customer serviceHandled cash and credit card transactionsWalStore Sales Associate, 2007-2007Stocked shelves and participated in inventory managementCompleted customer transactions using the store’s POS system.Assisted customersSet up floor displaysPeking Restaurant Waitress, 2007-2010Waited tablesProvided excellent customer serviceHandled cash and credit card transactionsBraggiano’s Italian Bistro Waitress, 2007-2010Waited tablesProvided excellent customer serviceHandled cash and credit card transactionsHewitt Brothers Finance File clerk, 2010 – 2016Served as an account manager in the hedge fund division of a large multinational companyProcessed TPS reports (only mildly soul-sucking!)Maintained archive of client reports and contractsPut up with ridiculous people (kidding- everyone was cool)WRITING/EDITINGWish You Were Here (web series), 5 episodesâ€Å"Living the Dream† (article, Buffington University Alumni Magazine), 2004The Clarion (university newspaper), editor and staff writer, 2001 – 2004EDUCATIONBuffington University B.A. in English (sigh)Hilary’s resume is off to a good start, in that it looks like a resume. However, she starts running into problems early on.The HeaderHilary’s email address isn’t especially appropriate. You don’t need to give up your â€Å"fun† email address (or that old AOL handle that you just can’t let go), but at the very least before you start your job hunt, create a new email address that’s a variation of your name. You can still be HotPantz or BeerPongDude to your friends and family, but potential employers should see a more professional you.The Summary StatementYou know I love a good parenthetical joke, but there’s really no place for jokes, snarky asides, or e moji-like expressions in a resume. You want to be taken seriously, so make sure you set that professional tone.The SkillsAgain, Hilary is trying to be funny, which doesn’t work here. She also leads with â€Å"sense of humor,† which is a good quality to have, but is it her number one skill? The skills section is a chance to emphasize what qualifies you for the job at hand. Hilary says she wants to get a full-time writing job, so shouldn’t she emphasize her writing skills?The ExperienceThere are two issues here. First, Hilary goes chronologically, rather than the backwards chronological order most common in resumes. That latter format is common for a reason: the employer wants to know who you are now, and doesn’t want to have to dig for that information. Second, Hilary includes jobs that don’t necessarily apply to the job for which she’s applying. Long-ago food service and retail jobs don’t seem to have much bearing on the job sheâ€⠄¢s seeking here- which is also undermined by the fact that she uses the same bullets for all of her restaurant jobs. Repetitive bullets make the reader glaze right over. Hilary should be more selective about which of her jobs she chooses to spotlight in her resume- and should come up with unique bullets for each that emphasize how that experience applies to the job she wants.Hilary also buries the lede here: she puts her writing experience waaaaaay down at the end, when she should be putting it front and center to help show that she does, in fact, have writing experience that would apply to her future writing job.And last but not least, let’s check in with Mary, the Jargonator.Mary Hernandez 349 7th Avenue Brooklyn, NY 22222 (333) 555-6666 MaryHernandez@emaildomain.com LinkedUp profile: MHernandez.linkedup.comGo-getter who thinks outside the box looking to synergize experience and maximized skill setSKILLSSynergizing backward overflowThought leadershipResults-drivenDynamic s elf-motivatingBest of breedEXPERIENCEGrande CorpDepartment Assistant January 2013 – presentMaximize and coordinate workflowSynergize department schedulesCoordinate B2C communications (email blasts, client outreach via telecommunications)Analyze office inventoryOffer elevator pitches for social media campaignsHit the ground running every dayCOMPUTER SKILLSAdobeMicrosoft Office (PP, O, Ex)EDUCATIONMarshall Brown University B.A., WLP 2013Mary sounds very with-it and accomplished†¦it’s just a shame you can’t actually tell what she does.The LanguageWhen writing your resume, it’s important to strike a balance between clean, straightforward English. It can be tempting to use fancy-sounding jargon words instead of plain old boring ones, but you don’t want to do that at the expense of the reader’s ability to understand what you’re trying to say.Structurally, the resume is fine. Mary’s problem is the content. Terms like â€Å"go-ge tter† and â€Å"synergized† are played out at this point, not least because they convey very little. You’re much better off using a handful of strong, specific words that describe what you do/did. If Mary had written, â€Å"Highly motivated administrative professional with strong office skills† as her objective, she’d be better off than she is using buzz words that mean very little to the reader without context.The AbbreviationsMary uses terms like â€Å"B2C† and â€Å"WLP† throughout, without explaining what they mean. If you’re using an acronym that may not be readily apparent to the reader, always spell it out on the first use. For example: Business-to-consumer (B2C). If you’re using a term that’s basic knowledge in your industry, then it’s probably fine to use those sparingly- but if you’re unsure, or you think the reader might not have deep technical knowledge of what you’re talking about, it never hurts to describe it a little. If the reader doesn’t understand fully what you’re saying, then it’s likely they’ll give up early and you’ll lose out on a potential opportunity.When you’re writing your own resume, don’t be The Mess, The Jokester, or The Jargonator. Make sure everything is clean, professional, and clear, and you’ll be fine. If you have any horror-show resume moments that you’ve come across, be sure to reach out and share!

Exit letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exit letter - Essay Example Surprisingly, I enjoy writing now and I feel more equipped to rise to the challenge of writing more reports in the military standard and with the proper use of the language, too. Before, for prewriting, I would go straight to researching any books given to me on the topic or surfing the Internet. Now, I know that should set my purpose for writing first, whether to show comparison and contrast, or cause and effect; identify my reader; limit my topic; draft a thesis statement that has the topic and controlling idea; brainstorm ideas and information to support the thesis statement; and that it is only when I draw a preliminary outline or map that organizes the main ideas logically. After doing prewriting, that's only when I go to drafting. It's when I put my ideas into sentences and concentrate on elaborating on and supporting my ideas. This only when I start to connect my ideas to each other. I also don't have to pay much attention to spelling and grammar at this stage. I just have to focus on writing what I know about the topic. I am basically writing for myself here-more of just seeing my thoughts unfold. I have read before that the real art of writing starts with rewriting or revising. Now, I think that it's true.

Employment Law for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employment Law for Business - Essay Example 1 Although the estimates shows that majority of victims filing cases are women there has been an increase on recorded cases of men filing against the female workers, a good example is the Britain's equal employment opportunities commission (Britain's EEOC) which has recorded eight percent sexual complaints coming from men. It is a psychological and sexual abuse which involves bullying and has been seen as illegal discrimination. There have been enormous lawsuits in courts concerning sexual harassment. The lawsuits has been having it's own outcomes on both the employer and the employee. The main purpose for this study is to examine the general outcomes of sexual harassment lawsuits for employees and employers, to help end the increasing sexual harassment cases between the employers and their employees and lastly to bring the true picture of law regarding sexual harassment. The rising cases of lawsuits have brought some serious consequences to the employees who are the victims of harassment. This leaves the sexual harassment victim with only three options of enduring the suffering, making courageous attempts to it a move that has a high likelihood of worsening the situation and lastly opting to leave the employment for a more conducive environment.2 There is a feeling of humiliation to the employee... There is a feeling of humiliation to the employee, in some varied scenarios there have been reported cases of physical injury being inflicted to the victim. There has been complete loss of dignity by the employee; this puts them in a situation of choosing between their self-esteem and their work. At times they encounter the inevitable thing of choosing between their safety and their job. It can result in job loss or career termination, this will mean that the employee will luck an income source for her upkeep. Disclosure of employee's personal life for scrutiny by the public. At many instances the victim has turned to be the accused while his/her personal life, lifestyle and mode of dressing are invaded. This humiliates the employee through gossips and scrutiny. There is defamation of the employee where she/he is sexualized in public a thing that soils his/her repute. This forces the victim to relocate to another town in search of a different job. There is increased stress on relationships with other people a thing that can lead into divorce. Colleagues will tend to distance themselves form the victim. The employee will loss trust on environments related to the one under which harassment occurred. The employee will also lack trust on people holding positions similar to those of the harasser. There is complete loss of recommendations and references because the employee is never in terms with the harasser. The victim will suffer serious health and psychological effects which will include lack of concentration, lack of sleep, depression, stigmatization, fatigue, endless headaches, abdominal problems, nightmares, loss of appetite that results into weight

Comparison of emerging technology Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparison of emerging technology - Thesis Example In client-side data storage, there are a lot of risks involved. First of all, client side data storage is triggered by web application and this data storage is user specific. This implies that most caching mechanisms are not treated as client side storage. In client side data storage, the storage space is limited by the browser and most of the time it impacts generic data rather than user specific data. In cloud computing, data is stored on multiple virtual servers generally hosted by different third parties. It is not stored on dedicated servers. In cloud computing, hosting companies operate with large data center and people who want to host their data buy storage capacity from these companies. There are no storage capacity constraints in this. Mainframes have many different types of data stored in them. These can be in the form of flat files, relational databases, non relational databases and specialized file systems. These are just a chosen few examples of the different ways in which data are stored on mainframes. Each of these data types require different methods for data access as a result of which highly specialized skills are needed for developing methods. In personal computers, data access from memory has gradually evolved over the years. Initially semi-conductor memory was used. This memory is on an integrated circuit or chip. It is referred to as random access memory or RAM and allows data to be accessed randomly. Dynamic random access memory or DRAM is a very common type of random access memory for most personal computers. Static random access memory or SRAM does not have to be refreshed. Data access revolves around the client-server model on client/server computer architecture. Data access varies according to different organizations. Users accessing banking services from their computer use web browser client to send request to web server at a bank. In this the program forwards the request to a database client program which in turn sends a

Photochemistry of Ruthenium Complexes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Photochemistry of Ruthenium Complexes - Essay Example In packed systems, this will lead to two events: the transfer of excitation energy or the transfer of the electron itself to a neighboring complex that has a lower energy level. Eventually, the series of reactions will result in the production of NADPH and ATP. The net photochemical reaction involves the splitting of water, which is the ultimate electron donor, to  ½ O2, 2H+ and 2 electrons (summarized in Mathews and Van Holde). The photochemical reaction in photosynthesis was the basis for developing inorganic systems that can make use of the high potential of solar energy. This is especially important now that supply of fossil fuels like gasoline and diesel is affected by political, climate and environmental events. The recent erratic changes in price and supply coupled with the high demand for fossil fuels increased the search for renewable and cheap sources of energy. Sunlight is free and harnessing solar energy is one of the main objectives for developing photochemical technologies. In this context, ruthenium complexes have very important roles to play. Ruthenium complexes have long been studied for their many uses in the energy, chemical and lately, in the medical industry. Ruthenium (Ru) is a rare transition metal which falls under the platinum group in the periodic table of elements. Its atomic number is 44, and has oxidation states ranging from -2 to +8 but the most common are +2, +3 and +4. In its elemental state, ruthenium is easily oxidized by air to form ruthenium oxide, RuO4. It does not react with acids but easily reacts with bases and halogens. Small amounts of Ru are added to platinum, palladium, gold and titanium to produce hard and tarnish-resistant alloys. Ruthenium, as part of an alloy or when complexed with other compounds, is also utilized in other applications like catalytic reactions, electrolytic protection, optic sensors, microelectronics, organic and polymer synthesis (Dragutan and Dragutan), anti-cancer agents

Discussion Board 8-3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 8-3 - Assignment Example They include but not limited to Person centered therapy, solution focused therapy, family system therapy, Reality therapy, narrative and feminist. These approaches to psychotherapies used in client treatment in the 21st century have been motivated by similar therapeutic goals, which revolve around symptom reduction, crisis stabilization, stabilization, and self-exploration. There is great benefit in learning more than one approach to psychotherapy. This is because the 21st century to has brought into play some new rather specific changes that continue to affect clients in different ways. We all reside in the same world but each individual seems to make different sense of what he/she see and experience (Murdock, 2013). With practitioners equipped with various counseling techniques and skills learned from different approaches to psychotherapy and counseling, they are often well placed to construct meaning from the lives of their clients more effectively during sessions unlike in cases where the therapist specializes in only one approach to therapy. In other words learning different approaches to psychotherapy and counseling boost the therapist understand different factors that affect clients lives ranging from clients interior psychological processes, behavioral and biological factors, societal and professional influences as well as cultural and communit y factors. All these challenges and views of the client’s life cannot be learned and understood using a single approach to counseling and psychotherapy, which only utilizes specify techniques, which may overlook certain needs of the

Photochemistry of Ruthenium Complexes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Photochemistry of Ruthenium Complexes - Essay Example In packed systems, this will lead to two events: the transfer of excitation energy or the transfer of the electron itself to a neighboring complex that has a lower energy level. Eventually, the series of reactions will result in the production of NADPH and ATP. The net photochemical reaction involves the splitting of water, which is the ultimate electron donor, to  ½ O2, 2H+ and 2 electrons (summarized in Mathews and Van Holde). The photochemical reaction in photosynthesis was the basis for developing inorganic systems that can make use of the high potential of solar energy. This is especially important now that supply of fossil fuels like gasoline and diesel is affected by political, climate and environmental events. The recent erratic changes in price and supply coupled with the high demand for fossil fuels increased the search for renewable and cheap sources of energy. Sunlight is free and harnessing solar energy is one of the main objectives for developing photochemical technologies. In this context, ruthenium complexes have very important roles to play. Ruthenium complexes have long been studied for their many uses in the energy, chemical and lately, in the medical industry. Ruthenium (Ru) is a rare transition metal which falls under the platinum group in the periodic table of elements. Its atomic number is 44, and has oxidation states ranging from -2 to +8 but the most common are +2, +3 and +4. In its elemental state, ruthenium is easily oxidized by air to form ruthenium oxide, RuO4. It does not react with acids but easily reacts with bases and halogens. Small amounts of Ru are added to platinum, palladium, gold and titanium to produce hard and tarnish-resistant alloys. Ruthenium, as part of an alloy or when complexed with other compounds, is also utilized in other applications like catalytic reactions, electrolytic protection, optic sensors, microelectronics, organic and polymer synthesis (Dragutan and Dragutan), anti-cancer agents

Reading reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading reflection - Essay Example 16). Current advancements in the disciplines of science and technology are recorded to make the world aware of them. A number of old scriptures linking tales of human development and tales of human life in those intervals have been of wonderful assistance to humanity. The following paper will further my interest in literary works with reference to interpreted details. Why the literary work captured my interest Even though the idea of a conscious literary world led major writers, their works are absolutely most beneficial for clarifying what it truly is. With a comprehension of a human conscious, literary works are able to be applied in life through their facets. So far, studies on such literary works are held inside the referenced book. Majority of old literary works concerning the unconscious are held within language and history. The understanding of dreams apart from a brief description is difficult to stumble upon (Massi, 2001, p. 33). Basically, these writers used to believe that the unconscious is the section of the human mind that is past consciousness. Nevertheless, this section has a well-built influence on our actions. Dreams are a highly crucial technique in researching the unconscious mind. ... The need to explain and record human encounters and inventions outlines the fascination I have for understanding such works. Recently, there has been a fresh insisting in the literature scrutiny of the text arising from a variety of simultaneous theological ideas. It ought to arrive as no astonishment that Form Disapproval, with its emphasis on literary genre and compositional scrutiny, ought to have guided towards even larger emphasis amongst students on the literary features of a text (Iannone, 2005, p. 6). Except from this fresh wave of research, people are less into finding out the beginning and spread of narratives, psalms or predictions. The literary outlines the last form of the text. As a result, the change towards the conventional literary works and research most likely reflects a standoff in the discussions over source condemnations. One of the analytical approaches outlined in the text Freud defines displacement with the use of an example of the Sappho-dream of a patient, rising and plunging. In other words, being up and down is established as the central point. Nevertheless, the dream is concerned with the risks of sexual relations with people of low level. Condensation is viewed since the dream is meager, worthless and concise, when compared to with the variety and copiousness of the dream-judgments (Massi, 2001, p. 50). The literary analysis of the text has been the leading interest of every principal strategy to the study of the Bible. Starting with the ancient literary analytical strategy, the analysis ends with the form critical strategy. Nevertheless, the contributions made by these strategies have been great, and also stained with excessive doubtful subjectivity in opposition to the unity and honesty of the text. Regularly, the literature interests

Emerging Trends Essay Example for Free

Emerging Trends Essay Communications technology is progressing at light-speed, seemingly shrinking our world, as we can now communicate and conduct business in real time around the globe. Through innovations such as high-speed modem technology, businesses and people can share new ideas with friends and colleagues from the farthest lands. As more people and businesses strive to globalize, existing communication technologies are overloading, as they have approached the limitations of todays available hardware. To gain higher speed access to the available information over the Internet, there are many factors one must research, as they ultimately work together. These factors include hardware, choosing an Internet Service Provider (ISP), as well as a modem, which will be used to send and receive the data via the Internet. The intent of this document is to review the latest high-speed technologies for improving information access using the Internet. By understanding these new technologies, one can make a more informed decision when choosing their hardware and ISP. Choosing Hardware for Individual Needs: Computer Choices To gain faster Internet access requires choosing a faster computer that best suits ones needs. In determining the type of computer to purchase, one should first determine the application in which it will be used most. Applications such as word processing, computer games, and Internet access, all require various hardware and operating systems. Today, there are three main choices for computers, which include laptops, PCs, and hand-held devices. Until recently, we only needed to decide on the type and speed of the processor that we wanted in our new computer, since most of the Intel Pentium based computers had a data bus with a maximum speed of 66 MHz (PC World, 2000, July, p. 33). With the release of the new Intel 100 MHz bus architecture, this has changed, as the new line of Pentium II and Pentium III processors use this new bus instead of the older 66 MHz bus (PC World, 2000, July, p. 33). Needless to say, a PC equipped with this much power will surely increase the communication spee d between the processor and components in the computer. The main advantage of a notebook computer, versus a desktop, is the size and portability. Due to their smaller size, notebooks are the computer of choice for people that have limited space in their office or home. A typical notebook computer will contain either an Intel Celeron, Pentium III, or AMD K6 processor, which all range in speed, while the more common speeds vary from 600 MHz to 850 MHz (PC World, 2000, July, p. 37). The price of a standard notebook computer typically ranges between $1200 to $1900. Introduced in 1996, handheld computers, also known as Palm Pilots and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), have been gaining in popularity. These devices are portable and are no larger than a palm-size calculator. One of the most popular models on the market today is the Visor, offered in three models, ranging from $149 to $249 (Businessweek Online website, November 15, 1999, p. 192). While the speed of a handheld computer may vary, according to one source, the Palm Vx model runs slightly faster than other handhelds. It runs with a 20mhz processor versus the 16mhz found in other models (Palmgear website, 2000). Most palms come with standard applications like an address book, calculator, and a date book. Newer palms will also allow the user e-mail capabilities, using a memo pad similar to the Windows notepad. Since Internet access is now available as an option for handheld computers, they are a viable choice for consumers. Choosing an Internet Service Provider (ISP) Next, one needs to decide on an Internet Service Provider (ISP), and whether it is for personal or business use. Today, many companies offer free Internet Service to consumers and businesses. Broadband Digital Group (BDD) offers free dial up service at no additional cost, and is available nationwide. Another free ISP is Bluelight.com, which allows customers to shop online and receive various discounts on items purchased with Kmart. Free ISPs are economical and provide many of the services of fee based ISPs, such as sending and receiving email, web surfing, and online shopping.   Although some people find free ISPs to be economical, there are some disadvantages. Free ISPs represent less than 13 percent of the market, and are used as an alternate means to connect online (Fusco, 1999, pars. 4-6). With this, the customer is provided with Internet access, but not the quality service that is provided by most fee-based ISPs. In some cases, free ISPs do not provide consumers with high-spee d delivery, which results in slower connection speeds. According to a recent report by Patricia Fusco, fee-based Internet access service providers are among the elite and provide high quality, high speed, and wireless services. The top rated ISPs are, ATT WorldNet, EarthLink, Inc., MSN, America Online, CompuServe, and Prodigy. All of these services can provide consumers with high-speed service, good customer service, and technical support (Fusco, 2000a, pars. 2-10). There are, however, some disadvantages with fee-based ISPs, as the monthly billing fees can range from $7.00-$40.00 per month. In addition, providers such as AOL, Prodigy, MSN, and CompuServe have monthly billing plans that must be applied to a customer’s major credit card or telephone bill. Payment by check is also an option, however, your ISP provider applies a surcharge. Fee based ISPs benefit people and companies who have a need for high capacity, high-speed, and a broad range of features. Providers like AT T and MSN offer wireless service plans, so consumers have the option of accessing the Internet through their laptops or personal PDAs (Fusco, 2000b, pars. 4-6). In determining which ISP is best, one should consider cost, speed, availability, and technical support. The content of the ISPs website, personal services, and customer satisfaction should also be considered. Choosing a High-Speed Modem Technology: Cable vs. DSL Of course, there is much more to achieving high-performance Internet access than just choosing a fast computer and an Internet Service Provider, as one will also need a connection capable of handling all of this bandwidth. Recently, there are new emerging technologies that will allow you to access information over the Internet at blinding speeds. Today, one can choose between new high-speed subscriber lines, such as Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or Cable Modem, which enables one to access information over 10 times faster than the 56K modem. To utilize DSL will require a DSL-capable modem, which connects to the phone lines already present in the home. Installing DSL is a bit tricky. Although there are installation kits available, it is easier to have the phone company install the service, since installation requires a few components needed for avoiding interference while using the modem and telephone at the same time. The cost of installing DSL runs between $50-$100, while the monthly service fee averages about $80 per month, and includes an ISP (PC World, 2000, May, p. 106). DSL is not yet offered in all areas, however, a recent survey from The Yankee Group estimates that 21% of US households will have access to DSL shortly (PC World, 2000, May, p. 104). Cable Modem is another high-speed solution for accessing the Internet. Cable Modem technology offers similar performance as DSL, yet the technology is a bit different, as it utilizes the existing television cable in the home. Like DSL, Cable Modem access will require a special modem and can be installed by the consumer, or by a local cable company. Expect to pay approximately $100 for the installation, while the monthly service fee averages about $50 per month (PC World, 2000, May, p. 106). The Yankee Group estimates that 41% of US households will have access to Cable Modem technology, which is limited to those households already equipped with cable television services (PC World, 2000, May, p. 104). 87% of Cable Modem users and 86% of DSL users are satisfied with the performance, according to a PC World survey (PC World, 2000, May, p. 116). While the monthly service fees are more for DSL, as compared to Cable Modem, the fees are expected to normalize as the technology becomes more widespread. In reviewing these high-speed technologies, the choice begins to shift from choosing between DSL and Cable Modem, to choosing between either of these two, along with any of the new computers. Summary This study reveals that to gain high speed connectivity, any of the new computer hardware choices are adequate. The key to high speed information access is now governed by your connection, where this situation was revered just a few short years ago. DSL and Cable Modem both offer substantial performance improvements over conventional 56K Internet access. Either choice enables high-speed Internet access, which will be a vital component as more and more on-line information begins to congest the information pipeline. To truly gain high speed Internet access, one must incorporate either of these new modem technologies, along with their choice of hardware, which should be based on one’s individual needs. References Businessweek Online website. (November 15, 2000) The Palm is Mightier†¦, [Available] Retrieved March 31, 2001, from the World Wide Web: www.businessweek.com Fusco, P. (1999, December). Jupiter: Free ISPs won’t replace dial-up access (16 paragraphs). InternetNews – ISP News Archives, [Available] Retrieved March 31, 2001, from the World Wide Web: www.internetnews.com Fusco, P. (2000a, May). AT T Wireless Debuts Free Wireless Internet (15 paragraphs) InternetNews – ISP News Archives, [Available] Retrieved March 31, 2001, from the World Wide Web: http://www.internet.news.com/isp-news/article/0,,8_356751,00.html Fusco, P. (2000b, September). J.D. Powers Ranks Big Six ISPs (19 paragraphs). InternetNews – ISP News Archives, [Available] Retrieved March 31, 2001, from the World Wide Web: http://www.internetnews.com/isp-news/article/0,,8_460761,00.html Overton, R Goavec, P. (May 2000). PC World – Broadband or Bust, Volume 18, Number 5. 102-108, 112, 116 Palmgear website. (Copyright 2000, internet.com Corp), [Available] Retrieved March 31, 2001, from the World Wide Web: www.palmblvd.com